1-1- مقدمه:

کشور پهناور ايران داراي فرهنگي و تمدن غني به وسعت تاريخ است و از اين جهت مايه ي فخر و مبا هات همه ي ايرانيان مي باشد . بسياري از خارجيان از دير باز در پي آشنايي با اين مرز و بوم و فرهنک و تمدن خاص آن بوده, و در اين راه اقدام به يادگيري زبان فارسي نموده اند چرا که زبان آيينه ي فرهنگ است و بدون آشنايي با زبان بهره جستن از چشمه زلال فرهنگ ميسر نخواهد بود .

در اين ميان وظيفه ي ايرانيان ميهن پرست اشاعه فرهنگ و تمدن ايران و تلاش در جهت ترويج هر چه بيشتر زبان و ادبيات فارسي و هموار نمودن راه براي آموزش هرچه بهتر آن است .هر چند در سال هاي گذشته در زمينه ي آموزش علمي اين زبان تحقيقاتي صورت گرفته ولي با  وجود اين کمبود هايي نيز در اين زمينه احساس مي شود . از آنجا که آموزش واژه يکي از مهمترين بخش هاي آموزش زبان دوم / خارجي محسوب مي گردد و بدون آگاهي از واژه ها زبان آموز توانايي برقراري ارتباط  معني دار با هل زبان را نخواهد داشت نگارنده دراين پايان نامه بر آن است به تهيه ي متن هاي آموزش واژه بر اساس حوزه معنايي ويژه ي غير فارسي زبانان سطح پيشرفته بپردازد .

 

فصل نخست – کليات                                                                                                     1

1-1. مقدمه                                                                                                            2

1-2 بيان موضوع                                                                                                   2

1-3. هدف تحقيق و اهميت آن                                                                                   3

       1-4. سوالات و فرضيه های تحقيق                                                                             4

1- 5 . مفاهيم                                                                                                          5

1-5-1 0 واژه                                                                                                        5

1-5-2 0 آموزش                                                                                                    7

1- 5- 3 0 نظريه آموزش                                                                                         7

1- 5- 4 0 يادگيري                                                                                                 8

1- 5- 5 0 رابطه ی آموزش و يادگيري                                                                      9

1-5-6 0 مقايسه آموزش با يادگيري                                                                          9

1- 5- 7 0 حوزه هاي معنايي                                                                                  10

1-5-8 0 خلاصه                                                                                                  11

فصل دوم : مطالعات پيشين                                                                                         12

       2-1 0 اهميت واژه و مطالعات انجام شده در زمينه ی آموزش واژه                               13

    2-2 0 فرايندهاي واژه سازي                                                                                  14

2- 2-1 0 انواع فرايندهاي واژه سازي                                                                       15

2-2-1-1 0 تصريف                                                                                              15

2-2-1-2 0 اشتقاق                                                                                                15

2-2-1-3 0 ترکيب                                                                                                 16

2-2-1-4 0 قرض گيري /وام گيري                                                                           16

2-2-1-4-1 0 ترجمه قرضي /عاريتي                                                                        16

2-2-1-5 0 گسترش/تعميم                                                                                      16

2-2-1-6 0 تخصيص                                                                                             17

2-2-1-7 0 کوتاه سازي                                                                                        17

2-2-1-7-1 0 سر واژه سازي                                                                                 17

2-2-1-7-2 0 اختصار سازي                                                                                  18

2-2-1-7-3 0 پسين سازي                                                                                     18

2-2-1-7-4 0 بريدن                                                                                             18

2- 2- 1- 8 0 تبديل                                                                                               18

2-2-2-1-9 0 ادغام / آميزش                                                                                 19

2-2-1-10 0 ابداع                                                                                                 19

2-2- 1-11 0 نام آوا                                                                                             19

2- 2- 1- 12 0 مضاعف سازي                                                                               19

2-3- 0 انواع واژه                                                                                                  20

2-3- 1 0 واژه هاي قاموسي و واژه هاي دستوري نقش نما                                          20

2-3-2 0 واژه هاي دريافتي و واژه هاي توليدي                                                         21

2-4- 0 سير تحول واژه                                                                                          22

2-4-1 0 دوره ي بي توجهي به واژه                                                                        23

2-4-2 0 دلايل بي توجهي به آموزش واژه در گذشته                                                  25

2-4-3 0 دوره ي توجه                                                                                           26

2-4-4 0دوره ي پيشرفت                                                                                        28

2-5 0 يادگيري واژه                                                                                              29

2-5-1 0 مراحل يادگيري واژه                                                                                 30

2-6 0 اصول اساسي در آموزش زبان                                                                       32

2-7 0 راهکارهاي يادگيري و ياد آوري                                                                     33

2-7-1 0 انواع راهکارهاي يادگيري                                                                           34

2-8 0 عوامل درون واژه اي موثر بر يادگيري واژه                                                     35

2-9 0 انواع راهکارهاي يادگيري واژه                                                                        35

2-9-1 0 راهکارهاي مبتني بر تکرار واژه / معناي واژه                                                 36

2-9-2 0 راهکارهاي مبتني برتجزيه و تحليل ويژگي واژه                                             37

2-9-3 0راهکارهاي مبتني بر شرح و تفصيل ساده                                                      38

2-9-4 0 راهکارهاي مبتني بر شرح و تفصيل پيچيده                                                   38

2-10 0 روش يارگيري حافظه                                                                                  39

2-11 0 آموزش واژه                                                                                             40

2-12 0 روش ها آموزش  واژه                                                                                40

2-2-1 0 روش مستقيم و روش غير مستقيم                                                              41

2-12- 1-1 0 روش مستقيم                                                                                    42

2- 12-1-1-1 0 آموزش راهکارها                                                                            42

2-12-1- 1- 2 0 گسترش واژه + آموزش صريح                                                       42

2-12-1-1-3 0 فعاليت هاي کلاس                                                                           42

2-12-1-2 0 روش غير مستقيم                                                                               43

2-12-1-2-1 0 متن به تنهايي                                                                                 43

2-12-2-1 0 فعاليت هاي برنامه ريزي نشده                                                              43

2-12- 2- 2 0 فعاليت هاي برنامه ريزي شده  روش هاي آموزش واژه                           44

2-12-2-2 -1 0 آموزش واژگان غير فعال                                                                 44

2-12-2-2-1-1 0 تکرار                                                                                         45

2-12-2-2-1-2 0 روش هاي جفت پيوسته                                                                45

2-12-2-2-1-3 0 فهرست واژه                                                                               46

2-12-2-2-1-4 0 روش واژه کليدي                                                                        47

2-12-2-2-1-5 0 روش ترجمه                                                                               49

2-12-2-2-1-6 0 آموزش با کمک روابط واژگاني                                                      50

2-12- 2-2-1-7 0 ارائه ي تصوير                                                                           51

2-12-2-2-1-8 0 اجراي نمايش                                                                              51

2-12- 2-2-1-9 0 خانواده هاي واژگاني                                                                  52

2-12-2-2-1-10 0 روش هاي معنايي                                                                      52

2-12-2-2-1-10-1 0 روش حوزه هاي معنايي                                                         52

2-12-2-2-1-10-2 0 تجزيه و تحليل مولفه هاي معنايي                                             54

2-12-2-2-1-11 0 روش شاگرد محوري : دفترچه ی واژگاني                                     55

2-12-2-2-1-12 0 کاربرد فرهنگ                                                                           55

2-12-2-2-1-13 0 يادگيري واژه از طريق بافت                                                         56

2-12-2-2-2 0 آموزش واژگان فعال                                                                        58

2-12-2-2-2-1 0 روش سلسه مورسيا و روزن ويگ                                                 59

2-12-2-2-2-2 0 روش پيجين سازي                                                                      60

2-12-2-2-2-3 0 روش لوکاس                                                                              61

2-13 0 تعداد واژه                                                                                                 61

2-14 0 انتخاب واژه                                                                                               62

2-15 0 معيارهاي انتخاب واژه                                                                                 63

2-16 0 ارائه ي واژه                                                                                               65

2-17 0 وسايل کمک آموزش ديداري و يادگيري                                                         66

2-18 0 ملاحظات معني شناختي                                                                               67

2-18-1 0 معني شناسي ساختاري                                                                           67

2-18-2 0 حوزه هاي معنايي                                                                                   67

2-18-3 0 انواع حوزه هاي معنايي                                                                            69

2-18-4 0 روابط معنايي                                                                                        70

2-18-4-1 0 هم معنايي                                                                                          71

2-18-4-2 0 شمول معنايي                                                                                     71

2-18-4-3 0 با هم آيي                                                                                           71

2-18-4-4 0 رابطه جزء –کل                                                                                   72

2-18-4-5 0 تباين معنايي                                                                                      72

2-18-4-6 0 تقابل معنايي                                                                                       73

2-19 0 ملاحظات روانشناسي زبان                                                                           74

2-19-1 0 حافظه                                                                                                   74

2-19-1-1 0 انواع حافظه                                                                                        75

2-9-1-1-1 0 حافظه کوتاه مدت                                                                              75

2-9-1-1-2 0 حافظه بلند مدت                                                                                76

2-19-1-1-3 0 حافظه معناشناسي                                                                           77

2-20 0 واژگان                                                                                                     77

2-20-1 0 واژگان ذهني                                                                                         78

2-20-2 0 سازماندهي واژگان ذهني                                                                         79

2-20-3 . اطلاعات واژگانی: دانش واژگانی                                                                 81

2-21 0 اصول آموزش واژه                                                                                    82

2-22 0 خلاصه                                                                                                     85

فصل سوم : تهيه و تدوين متن هاي آموزش واژه                                                            86

3-1 0 مقدمه                                                                                                         87

3-2 0 نحوه ي انتخاب واحدهاي درسي , واژه ها ساختارها                                           87

3-2-1 0 چگونگي انتخاب عنوان واحدهاي درسي                                                        87

3-2-2 0 نحوه ی انتخاب ساختارها                                                                           87

3-3 0 ملاحظات کلي                                                                                              88

3-3-1 0 اطلاعات مربوط به زبان آموز                                                                     89

3-3-2 0 اطلاعات مربوط به شرح درس                                                                    90

3-3-3 0 اطلاعات آموزش                                                                                      90

3-4 0 ساختار کلي واحدهاي درسي                                                                          90

3-4-1 0 مرحله پيش از خواندن       &nb